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Infants’ Everyday Exposure to Caregiver Facial Expressions: Evidence from Naturalistic Head-Mounted Camera Data

Published in SSRN, 2026

Using naturalistic head-mounted camera data from a pre-existing dataset, this study examines the facial expressions infants encounter in everyday caregiver interactions, and how these change with infant age and caregiver gender.

Recommended citation: Palmer, K., Van Der Zant, T., Holdsworth, I., Rayner, C., Tuza, A., Nelson, N., "Infants’ Everyday Exposure to Caregiver Facial Expressions: Evidence from Naturalistic Head-Mounted Camera Data." Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6175290 (2026)
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Parent-Child Facial Expression Recognition: The Role of Familiarity in Interactive Contexts

Published in SSRN, 2026

Across two studies, we examined parents’ and children’s recognition of emotional expressions during a structured interactive task. Study 1 provided initial evidence for a familiarity effect, with parents outperforming naïve raters at recognising their child’s expressions. Study 2 confirmed a bidirectional familiarity advantage: both parents and children were more accurate with their familiar partner than with unfamiliar individuals, suggesting the effect is specific to the parent-child relationship rather than reflecting a general ability to read adult or child faces.

Recommended citation: Palmer, K., Buttle, H.M., Kohler, M., Fong, F.T.K., Nelson, N., "Parent-Child Facial Expression Recognition: The Role of Familiarity in Interactive Contexts." Available at SSRN: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7646042 (2026)
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